U.S. History Review Sheet: Chapter 3
Sectional differences and conflicts
Different reasons for migration
Political structure i.e. proprietary, royal or charter colonies
Economic foundations and products
Internal dissension: tidewater vs. piedmont
Colonial economy
Mercantilism
state would direct all economic activities within its jurisdiction
compatibility of interests with mother country
Regulation of trade
necessary after 1660
Navigation Acts
all trade in English and/or colonial ships
trade of sugar, cotton, indigo, ginger and tobacco only with
England or English colony
no direct importation of European goods to colonies
Plantations
single crop economy
usually located on river banks
consignment system
agents as creditors and bankers
planters victimized by system
New England
towns
founded on Puritan ideals
governed by town meetings
cities
dominated by merchants
most merchants dealt in redistribution of other colonies goods
Indentured servitude
usually payment for passage to the colonies
reasons for the decrease in indentured laborers
changing economics in England
availability of land to the west
Birth and death rates
differences between northern and southern colonies
impact on the role of women in colonial life
Slavery
origin
"Middle Passage"
economic factors in different colonies
rebellions
Stono Rebellion (September 1739)
failure of efforts of slaves to reach freedom in Florida
institution of slave codes
Colonial philosophy
Government
no concept of central government to unify colonies
colonies separate, distinct political entities
colonial governments existed to serve the people, not dominate them
challenges to traditional legal standards
trial of John Peter Zenger in 1734
acquittal of libel charges
beginning of tradition of American civil liberties
Religion
clergy expected to serve, not rule
support of clergy by taxes only direct connection between church and state
weakness of Anglican Church in America
Anglicans only a minority in southern colonies
diversity of denominations prevented bishop from being sent from England
causes and effects of the Great Awakening
Education
high rate of literacy, especially in New England
Protestant belief in ability to read the bible
Massachusetts laws required establishment of grammar schools
higher education
most early colleges founded to prepare people for ministry
Enlightenment
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