Political Reforms (circa 1820-1840)
Changes in the political process
expanded franchise
voter participation
end of secret Congressional caucuses in selection of candidates
use of the Spoils System; political patronage
Jackson's appeal and qualifications
Election of 1828
Jackson's biographies
Jacksonian presidency overview
Jacksonian Philosophy
Jackson's view of the presidency and its powers
Limited role of federal government
End of special privileges
Laissez faire economics
State sovereignty
Indian policy
Idealization of agrarian society
Nostalgic look at simpler, purer days of young Republic
Whig opposition to Andrew Jackson
New political alignments
Foreign Affairs under Jackson
Britain
negotiations to open British West Indies to American shipping
grant of access to American ports for British ships
France
adamant insistence that France pay for ships and cargo damaged or destroyed during Napoleonic Wars
French agreement in 1835 to pay claims
Sectional Controversy
Veto of Maysville Road Bill (1830)
Tariff issue
Nullification Crisis
John C. Calhoun: Doctrine of the Concurrent Majority
Hayne-Webster debates in January, 1830
Senator Hayne of South Carolina defended nullification
Senator Daniel Webster of Massachusetts supported tariffs and strong federal government
"Liberty and Union, now and forever, one and inseparable!"
South Carolina's Ordinance of Nullification, Nov. 24, 1832
vote to funds to raise volunteer army of ten thousand men to defend the state from "invasion"
Jackson's official proclamation on December 10, 1832
Nullification was "incompatible with the existence of the Union, contradicted expressly by the letter of the Constitution, unauthorized by its spirit, inconsistent with every principle upon which it is founded and destructive of the great object for which it was formed."
"Disunion by armed force is treason."
Calhoun's Fort Hill Address, defending nullification
Jackson's proclamation to the People of South Carolina
Resignation of Calhoun as Vice-President
election to the Senate to replace Hayne who had been elected governor
Compromise tariff of 1833 devised by Henry Clay, now in the Senate from Kentucky
Force Act, March 2, 1833
Public Lands
Anti-Masonic Movement
The Bank War
Jackson vs. Biddle
Biddle's efforts with Clay and Webster to recharter the bank before the Election of 1832
Jackson's veto message
| Candidate |
Party |
Electoral Vote |
Popular Vote |
| Andrew Jackson |
Democratic |
219 |
687,502 |
| Henry Clay |
Whig |
49 |
530,189 |
| William Wirt |
Anti-Masonic |
7 |
33,108 |
| John Floyd |
Independent |
11 |
|
Defeat of rechartering bill
Use of "Pet Banks"
Roger Taney as Secretary of the Treasury
Biddle Panic
Economic expansion following the closing of the Second B.U.S.
Specie Circular (1836)
Treatment of Native Americans
Removal Act (1830) passed by Congress with Jackson's approval
Cherokee Nation v. Georgia (1831)
Supreme Court refused to hear request for injunction against State of Georgia
Native Americans were classified as "domestic dependent nations"
Supreme Court denied that it had original jurisdiction over Cherokee nation
Worcester v. Georgia (1832)
Georgia law had no force within the distinct political Cherokee nation
Led to forced removal of Native Americans
Timeline of Texan Independence
Texas Declaration of Independence (March 2, 1836)
Texan war with Mexico
Defense of and Battle of the Alamo (February/March 1836)
Execution of 350 Texans at Goliad by Santa Anna's forces
Defeat of Santa Anna at San Jacinto (April 21, 1836)
Treaty of Velasco
creation of the Republic of Texas
definition of the border at the Rio Grande River
recognition of the Lone Star Republic by Andrew Jackson on his last day in office
Presidency of Martin Van Buren
POTUS
Van Buren's home in Kinderhook, New York
Causes of the Panic of 1837
Identification of Van Buren with Locofocos (hard-money, anti-bank, anti-monopoly)
Independent Treasuries Act (1840)
Amistad case
Election of 1840
Composition of each of the major political parties Position of Whigs
William Henry Harrison POTUS, John Tyler
death of President Harrison
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